Place the eggplant rounds in a single layer on a cutting board and sprinkle both sides with 1 tablespoon kosher salt. Let them sit 15 minutes to draw out bitterness, then rinse briefly and pat dry with paper towels.
Preheat the oven to 425°F (220°C). Toss the dried eggplant slices with 1 tablespoon olive oil and arrange them on a rimmed baking sheet. Roast until golden and lightly tender, about 18–22 minutes, flipping once halfway.
While the eggplant roasts, heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in a medium skillet over medium heat. Add the chopped onion and cook until translucent, 5–6 minutes. Stir in the garlic and cook 30 seconds more.
Pour in the crushed tomatoes, dried oregano, black pepper, and 1/2 teaspoon salt. Bring to a gentle simmer and reduce the heat to low. Let the sauce cook, uncovered, 10–12 minutes to thicken slightly, then remove from heat.
Lower the oven to 400°F (205°C). Lightly oil a 9x13-inch baking dish. Spoon a thin layer of tomato sauce into the bottom of the dish, then arrange a single layer of roasted eggplant over it.
Scatter a portion of the shredded mozzarella, a sprinkle of Parmesan, and a few basil leaves over the eggplant. Repeat layers (sauce, eggplant, cheeses, basil) until ingredients are used, ending with cheese on top.
Mix the panko breadcrumbs with 1 tablespoon olive oil and a pinch of salt, then sprinkle evenly over the top layer of cheese for crunch.
Bake the assembled casserole at 400°F (205°C) until bubbling and the cheese is melted, 22–25 minutes. For a deeper golden finish, broil on high 2–3 minutes more while watching closely.
Let the casserole rest 8–10 minutes before slicing so the layers set. Garnish with extra basil leaves and serve warm.