Make the marinade: in a medium bowl whisk together olive oil, adobo sauce, chopped chipotle, lime juice, minced garlic, cumin, smoked paprika, oregano, salt and pepper until smooth.
Coat the chicken with the marinade, cover, and let sit at room temperature for 20 minutes (or refrigerate up to 2 hours). Short marinating boosts flavor without needing hours.
While chicken rests, prepare the rice: rinse rice under cold water until water runs clear. In a medium saucepan bring chicken broth and 1 tbsp oil to a boil, stir in rice and 1/2 tsp salt, reduce to low, cover and simmer gently 18 minutes. Remove from heat and let sit, covered, 10 minutes.
Fluff the rice with a fork, then fold in lime zest, 1 tbsp lime juice and the 1/2 cup chopped cilantro. Keep covered until ready to assemble.
Cook the chicken: heat a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add a small drizzle of oil, then sear thighs 4–5 minutes per side until golden. Lower heat, cover and cook 6–8 more minutes until an instant-read thermometer reads 165°F. Transfer to a board and rest 5 minutes, then slice across the grain.
Meanwhile, warm the beans: add the rinsed black beans, corn, diced onion and 1/2 tsp cumin to a small saucepan with 2–3 tbsp water. Heat over medium, simmer 5–7 minutes until warmed through and slightly saucy. Lightly mash a few beans with the back of a spoon for texture, then stir in 2 tbsp chopped cilantro and a squeeze of lime.
Assemble bowls: divide cilantro-lime rice among bowls, arrange sliced chicken on top, spoon the warm black bean and corn mixture alongside. Add chopped romaine, pico de gallo, shredded cheese and a dollop of sour cream. Garnish with extra cilantro and lime wedges; add sliced avocado if using.
Serve immediately with hot sauce or extra adobo on the side. Leftovers keep well chilled for meal prep.