If you don't have warm cooked rice ready, start 1 cup uncooked rice (or follow package directions) so you have about 2 cups cooked; keep it covered and warm until serving.
Whisk together soy sauce, rice vinegar, sesame oil, grated ginger, lime zest and black pepper in a small bowl; set the sauce aside so flavors meld while you cook.
Heat a large nonstick or stainless steel skillet over medium-high heat. Add the neutral oil and swirl to coat. Add the diced onion and cook, stirring occasionally, until edges begin to brown, about 3 minutes.
Add the ground turkey, breaking it into small pieces with a spatula. Spread it into an even layer and allow it to sear without moving for 1 minute to develop color, then stir and continue cooking until the turkey is mostly browned, about 4–5 minutes.
Stir in the garlic, bell pepper and shredded carrots and cook for 2–3 minutes, until the vegetables are just tender-crisp. If the pan becomes dry, add a splash of water to deglaze and lift any browned bits.
Pour the prepared sauce over the turkey-vegetable mixture, stir to combine, and simmer for 1–2 minutes so the sauce reduces slightly and coats everything evenly.
Taste and adjust seasoning — add a pinch more pepper or a squeeze of lime if you want more brightness. Remove the pan from the heat and let the mixture rest for 2 minutes; this helps the flavors settle and the sauce thicken a touch.
Divide warm rice among four bowls. Spoon the saucy ground turkey and vegetables over the rice, then finish each bowl with sliced green onions, a sprinkle of toasted sesame seeds and a lime wedge on the side.