Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or lightly grease each cup.
In a medium bowl whisk the mashed banana, peanut butter, eggs, Greek yogurt, milk, and maple syrup until smooth and uniform in texture.
In a separate large bowl combine the whole wheat pastry flour, protein powder, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and cinnamon; stir with a fork to evenly distribute the leavening.
Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients and gently fold with a spatula until just combined — a few streaks of flour are OK. Fold in the chopped peanuts or chocolate if using. Do not overmix.
Let the batter rest for 8–10 minutes at room temperature to hydrate the protein and flour; the batter will thicken slightly.
Spoon the batter into the prepared muffin cups, filling each about 3/4 full. Smooth the tops and sprinkle a few chopped peanuts or chocolate pieces on each muffin if desired.
Bake on the middle rack for 18–22 minutes, rotating the pan halfway through baking for even color. Muffins are done when a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean or with a few moist crumbs.
Cool the muffins in the tin for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely. Store cooled muffins in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 5 days or freeze for longer storage.